The featuritis Curve

April 15, 2006

Michael on High-Tech Product Management and Marketing has a fantastic “wish I wrote that” post about the importance of having the right number of features. He has several references, the best of which is Kathy Sierra’s Featuritis vs. the Happy User Peak post from June 2005. The two posts combined provide great insight into why having too many features is bad, while acknowledging that too few is just as bad. In this post we will look at what we can do to apply these insights and also change the rules some, making our software more desireable than our competition.

Kathy Sierra’s curve

//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/

Thanks Kathy Sierra for allowing re-use of your work.

Kathy’s basic point is that users get happier as we add features - up to a point - and then the confusion and complexity of dealing with extra features outweighs the benefits of having those features. In the discussion thread on her post, people use the Microsoft Word example - most people only use 10% of the features, and people counter with the position that different users use different features. Kathy’s post explores more than just software and addresses car radios and other interfaces.

Michael’s extension of ideas

Michael reviews the recent Business 2.0 article titled “Simple Minds” that in short says “more is more, and it always has been”. I guess there’s a bit of backlash about the quest to create minimally functional software. To quote Michael:

Simpler is indeed better, as long as your product meets your customers’ core needs. You may lose some customers because you don’t have some non-core features, but in most cases - I believe - that loss will be more than made up by those customers you gain since your product is simple, easy to use and yet meets their core needs.

His article is a fantastic and thought provoking read. I especially like his use of the pocket utility knife for feature comparison!

Tying ideas together

We’ve posted before about exceeding the suck-threshold by creating software that people can use. Another of Kathy’s great ideas. Visually, here’s what that looks like using the same framework Kathy has presented.

chart redrawn

suck threshold

We can see that to clear the suck threshold, we need to have more than some minimal amount of features, without having too many features. Our goal is to reach the peak of the curve, where we have the optimal amount of features (for competent users).
goal

How do we reach the goal?

When we use Kano analysis to prioritize features, we’re already halfway there (and then some). Recapping from that post:

Kano provides three relevant classifications of requirements (the fourth category is redundant). All requirements can be placed in one of these categories.

  1. Surprise and delight. Capabilities that differentiate a product from it’s competition (e.g. the nav-wheel on an iPod).
  2. More is better. Dimensions along a continuum with a clear direction of increasing utility (e.g. battery life or song capacity).
  3. Must be. Functional barriers to entry - without these capabilities, customers will not use the product (e.g. UL approval).

The must-be features are the first piece in the puzzle, and they are easy to overlay on the diagram.

must be diagram

What gets us to the goal is our differentiated innovations - the surprise and delight features.

surprise

Shifting the curve
As both Kathy and Michael point out, we still feel a lot of pressure to keep adding features. Even if we use Kano to hit the ideal software goals, what keeps us from having feature-creep and bloat until it’s all worthless. They both suggest investing in making the software better, instead of making it do more. And we agree about making it better. If we make the user experience better, we can make the software do more too without falling back below the suck-threshold.

Consider the more is better requirements. Think of them in two categories - user interaction improvements, and application performance improvements.

User interaction improvements remove complexity, and make software easier to use. This results in more user happiness from a given feature, and also allows us to implement more features at a given level of happiness (appeasing salespeople).

users

Application performance improvements don’t create as dramatic of a shift (they don’t make the application easier to use). They do, make it more enjoyable for a given feature set - shifting the curve up.

apps

Release Planning

We posted before about prioritizing requirements across releases. The initial release should focus 80/20 on must-be and surprise and delight requirements. After the first release, we should prioritize 50/50 effort on surprise and delight and more is better requirements. This split of effort balances the goal of product differentiation (adding features) with the goal of user happiness (shifting the curve).

Conclusion

We have to have a minimum set of features. Too many features is bad. The Kano approach helps us to pick the right requirements to prioritize. It also helps us change the shape of the curve for our software, allowing us to add more features while simultaneously increasing user satisfaction.

Thanks again to Michael and Kathy for their great contributions to this and other topics!

source post [tyner blain]


是否一見鍾情? 三十秒見真章

April 15, 2006

一見鍾情需要多久時間?答案是三十秒。根據英國專家所進行的大規模快速約會實驗,女性在選擇未來的人生伴侶時,決定過程所花費的時間比男性來的短,如果在三十秒內無法讓異性印象深刻,那麼就註定成為「無緣的人」。

這項由赫特福德大學 (University ofHerfordshire) 教授魏斯曼主持,對一百名尋找終生伴侶的單身族所進行的實驗,要求每個人與十名異性快速約會,同時對約會的對象進行魅力評分,並決定是否再與對方約會。

結果發現,多數人在三十秒之內就決定是否喜歡約會的對象,及是否願意再與他(或她)見面,其中女性作決定的速度比男性快,百分之四十五的女性不到三十秒就決定,但男性只有百分之二十二。

魏斯曼表示,男性經常被批評膚淺,只根據女性的外表決定是否展開追求的行動,實驗證明,女性比男性更快在短暫交談時作決定。「換言之,男性如果想擄獲芳心,只有幾秒鐘的時間,因此開場白非常重要」。

魏斯曼說,長久以來,根據演化理論,女性較男性關注「長期的兩性關係」,但這個看法被推翻。實驗後進行的問卷調查顯示,女性關注的不僅是兩人是否有火花,男性的外型是否出眾也是要項,「女人比男人加倍挑剔」。

那些受歡迎參與者的約會對象幾乎百分之一百希望再和他們見面,不過約有百分之三十的人,可能是眼光太高或是約會時言詞笨拙,連一個再約會的機會都沒有。魏斯曼和他的研究人員還將再繼續追蹤後續的約會情況,了解他們是否的確滋生愛苗。

source post [中國時報] 2006.04.15


李開復的 4個Google震撼

April 15, 2006

2005年7月18日之前,李開復的職稱是全球副總裁,過了那天,他的職稱並沒有改變,只不過公司名字由微軟換成了Google,同時還兼任Google的中國區總裁。這次的跳槽事件,在中國、在亞洲都引起極大的震撼,甚至在美國還鬧上了法院。

李開復這次的跳槽,直接面臨的挑戰是:不少大陸人認為,李開復已違背自己過去不斷強調的個人、企業最重要的價值觀──誠信。甚至有媒體批評他的行為是「背 叛」。李開復在北京中關村清華科技園區接受《商業周刊》專訪時為自己辯白。「那不是每個人換工作都是一種背判的行為?」「今天已經不是三國時代了,沒有一 個雇主有權力要求員工永遠為他服務。」

Google全球副總裁談股價400美元背後的管理思維。(照片提供/商業周刊)

老 東家顯然並不接受他的說辭。因為,重點不在於他不能換工作,而是認為他不該換到有違「競業條款」的公司。因而一狀告到法院。李開復則在新書《做最好的自 己》(編按:簡體字版在中國已賣出超過四十萬冊,繁體字版由聯經出版社於近期上市)中,對誠信與背叛之間做了完整的詮釋。而對於把誠信這個價值觀放在最重 要位置的Google來說,如何找到對的人才,如何管理天才,在訪談中也有精彩的論述。以下是專訪摘要:

《商業周刊》問(以下簡稱問):您不論在微軟或Google都很少談關於數字的問題,例如公司營收、獲利,這與其他執行長(CEO)的風格有些不同,你似乎對於人文、人才的培養更有興趣?

李開復答(以下簡稱答):如果我喜歡談一些數字,我更喜歡談的是我多少個月可以做一個產品、產品週期是多長,或者一個天才工程師可以比普通工程師多做一百倍或一千倍的工作,這些數字我覺得是更重要的。

管理文化:無為而治 我們有很多機制來避免主管管人

問:就一個管理者來說,你如何訂績效、訂指標,對天才來說,會不會較難訂定標準?

答:管理天才最大的秘訣就是要放權,可以說是無為而治,創造一個環境給他資源與支援,在目標上給大方面的指導。天才型(員工)最大的滿足, 是在他工作上的成就和對工作的熱情,如果你把他全部都框起來,每個星期來衡量他,就意味著我不信任你、我要想辦法來管你,這個前提之下,這個天才工程師已 經逐漸遠離你而去了,這樣的管理模式並不適合在高科技公司。所以我認為我們Manager工作絕對不是管人,我們有很多機制來避免我們的Manager來 管人。這就是我們這個方法的真諦:我們不要你管這麼多人,我們給你這麼多人就是不要去管他們。

在Google,每一個研究員就是工程師,你想到什麼點子,你要做成產品,就你負責把它做成產品,如果你覺得是象牙塔上的研究員,你不願意編程,或者你只是想做齒輪,那不會是屬於我們的研究員。

招聘文化:瑜亮並存 讓員工推薦他們認識最厲害的人

問:中國人過去說「瑜亮情結」,每個人都希望自己是老闆眼中最優秀的人,你卻要他們再去推薦比自己優秀的人才,員工的心態是如何去平衡?

答:我想每個人都難免有一點私心,但是做管理就是要以身作則。假設一個人推薦了另外一個人,我覺得他不太好,我就會找這個人明白告訴他,我覺得這個人不太好,讓他有一個回饋,你這麼做是不符合公司方式的。

反之,他推薦了一個確實比他優秀的人,我也會告訴他我很感謝他。當他們知道我們面試的過程是很嚴厲的,比他們差很多是進不來的,就不會有這樣的情況發生了。

問:你在書中提到了一個案例,類似要找一個主管階級的人,問他為什麼要當主管,他的回答是:「我可以決定薪資、升遷,這件事情是很過癮的。」結果這個人被你否決了,為什麼您不覺得他是稱職的人?

答:這可能不是我講他案例的初衷。我當時對他的談話比較震驚,第一個是,我認為一生在世是為了理想而工作,為達到一些有意義的目的而工作, 而不是為了管人而工作。管人是非常世俗、一元化錯誤的觀點,因為他是永無止境的。你永遠不可能萬人之上,所有的人都聽你的話,這個社會不會有多少人可以做 到這樣,這可能是我的第一個考慮。

「誠信」
是李開復(右)對自己、對員工的做人最高指導原則。(照片提供/商業周刊)

第二,如果你把領導當作你未來的目標,你還是要按部就班把基礎打好,你如果不知道什麼是做人道理、與人相處的方式,還有基礎知識、團隊精神,然後你就說要管人,那也是很本末倒置的想法。

組織文化:誠信第一 不做邪惡的事,並當成操作準則

問:您本身在微軟、Google等國際公司工作,等於是用國際的高規格標準在做事情、想事情,但是在中國,例如誠信可能無法拉得很高,你如何等待這些事情的改善?

答:我覺得有很多方法。如果我希望每個人用誠信方法做事,或是Google要求不做邪惡的事情,我們每個人都要要求自己能做到,否則這樣說法是不成立的。

我們在招聘的過程中,會用各種方法把那些可能誠信方面有問題的人排除在外。曾經在招聘過程當中也有碰到這樣的例子,有一個學生在電話面試時作弊,在網上用Google(搜尋引擎)查答案,我們一邊問問題,他一邊查答案,除了查得快,還會利用拖延的方式回答我們各種問題。

最後因此過了關,事後他很得意的把這些面試過程都寫在網路上,可是他可能忽略了我們是Google,我們很會搜索,所以後來他就沒被錄取了。

價值文化:顧客第一 股東利益排在用戶之後

問:你談過微軟讓你覺得很「了不起」,Google讓您覺得很「震撼」,了不起與震撼這兩點如何詮釋?

答:微軟是世界上最有價值的企業之一,比爾.蓋茲(Bill Gates)是很偉大的企業家,而且是天才技術員,有幸在微軟服務,我學到很多東西。過去我在微軟、SGI、蘋果工作,都有這樣的感覺:了不起的公司、優秀的人、了不起的創業者、CEO。

Google其實在很多程度上是一樣,但是它和其他高科技公司很不一樣的地方,像上面提到的幾點,它對它的價值觀的執著,不做邪惡的事情,真正的把它當作操作的準則。

就像是我們不告訴分析師我們下個季度會不會賺錢,我們不會經過每個季度來調整我們的營運結果,讓我們的股票漲上去,這一切都靠自然來決定。

我們希望公司對用戶做有意義的決定,我們也深深的理解,有時候對用戶有益對股東就有害,我們如果把自己所有的成敗都操控在分析師的手中,我 們就慢慢的不會有這樣的自由。買我們公司股票的人,我們也希望他賺錢,但是我們也要他理解,做為我們的股東,你們的利益是永遠排在我們用戶之後,是這樣真 正對理想的追逐。這就是我的震撼。

source post [商業周刊]


The Top 25 web sites of 1994

April 15, 2006

NCSA MosaicWhenever I think about my first days on the web c. 1995 I think of WebCrawler, the original and for awhile the best fulltext web search engine. WebCrawler's creator, Brian Pinkerton, is now working for Technorati ranking the world's blogs, which isn't much different from what he was doing 12 years ago: ranking the world's then-tiny population of web sites. Back in March 1994, about six weeks after WebCrawler's launch and long before PageRank, Alexa, or del.icio.us, Pinkerton took stock of WebCrawler's index and ranked the 25 most-linked pages on the web. Back then WebCrawler knew about 72,000 documents on 2,200 servers, and the number one most-linked page (plus seven of the other 24) belonged to CERN, where Tim Berners-Lee invented the web, and was a page describing what, exactly, the WWW is. Of course, every page on the Top 25 is now long gone, and most of them can't even be found in the Internet Archive, so the closest you'll be able to get to that original #1 page is this archived version from 1992. Number two on the Top 25 is the home page for NCSA's Mosaic web browser, the direct predecessor to Netscape Navigator.

 

source post [download squad]